Home Page | Products | Contact Us | News & Events | Request Info. The Optics of Spectroscopy You are in: Products>>Jy/Spex Systems>>Optics Tutorial Contents

A TUTORIAL By J.M. Lerner and A. Thevenon TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1:DIFFRACTION GRATINGS ­ RULED & HOLOGRAPHIC 1.1 Basic Equations 1.2 Angular Dispersion 1.3 Linear Dispersion 1.4 Wavelength and Order 1.5 Resolving "Power" 1.6 Blazed Gratings 1.6.1 Littrow Condition 1.6.2 Efficiency Profiles 1.6.3 Efficiency and Order 1.7 Diffraction Grating Stray Light 1.7.1 Scattered Light 1.7.2 Ghosts 1.8 Choice of Gratings 1.8.1 When to Choose a Holographic Grating 1.8.2 When to Choose a Ruled Grating   Section 2:MONOCHROMATORS & SPECTROGRAPHS 2.1 Basic Designs 2.2 Fastie­Ebert Configuration 2.3 Czerny­Turner Configuration 2.4 Czerny­Turner/Fastie­Ebert PGS Aberrations 2.4.1 Aberration Correcting Plane Gratings 2.5 Concave Aberration Corrected Holographic Gratings 2.6 Calculating alpha and beta in a Monochromator Configuration 2.7 Monochromator System Optics 2.8 Aperture Stops and Entrance and Exit Pupils 2.9 Aperture Ratio (f/value,F.Number),and Numerical Aperture (NA) 2.9.1 f/value of a Lens System 2.9.2 f/value of a Spectrometer 2.9.3 Magnification and Flux Density 2.10 Exit Slit Width and Anamorphism 2.11 Slit Height Magnification 2.12 Bandpass and Resolution 2.12.1 Influence of the Slits 2.12.2 Influence of Diffraction 2.12.3 Influence of Aberrations 2.12.4 Determination of the FWHM of the Instrumental Profile 2.12.5 Image Width and Array Detectors 2.12.6 Discussion of the Instrumental Profile 2.13 Order and Resolution 2.14 Dispersion and Maximum Wavelength 2.15 Order and Dispersion 2.16 Choosing a Monochromator/Spectrograph   Section 3: SPECTROMETER THROUGHPUT & ETENDUE 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Introduction to Etendue 3.2 Relative System Throughput 3.2.1 Calculation of the Etendue 3.3 Flux Entering the Spectrometer 3.4 Example of Complete System Optimization with a Small Diameter Fiber Optic Light Source 3.5 Example of Complete System Optimization with an Extended Light Source 3.6 Variation of Throughput and Bandpass with Slit Widths 3.6.1 Continuous Spectral Source 3.6.2 Discrete Spectral Source   Section 4: OPTICAL SIGNAL­TO­NOISE RATIO AND STRAY LIGHT 4.1 Random Stray Light 4.1.1 Optical Signal­to­Noise Ratio in a Spectrometer 4.1.2 The Quantification of Signal 4.1.3 The Quantification of Stray Light and S/N Ratio 4.1.4 Optimization of Signal­to­Noise Ratio 4.1.5 Example of S/N Optimization 4.2 Directional Stray Light 4.2.1 Incorrect Illumination of the Spectrometer 4.2.2 Re­entry Spectra 4.2.3 Grating Ghosts 4.3 S/N Ratio and Slit Dimensions 4.3.1 The Case for a SINGLE Monochromator and a CONTINUUM Light Source 4.3.2 The Case for a SINGLE Monochromator and MONOCHROMATIC Light 4.3.3 The Case for a DOUBLE Monochromator and a CONTINUUM Light Source 4.3.4 The Case for a DOUBLE Monochromator and a MONOCHROMATIC Light Source   Section 5: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAVELENGTH AND PIXEL POSITION ON AN ARRAY 5.1 The Determination of Wavelength at a Given Location on a Focal Plane 5.1.1 Discussion of Results 5.1.2 Determination of the Position of a Known Wavelength in the Focal Plane Section 6: ENTRANCE OPTICS 6.1 Choice of Entrance Optics 6.1.1 Review of Basic Equations 6.2 Establishing the Optical Axis of the Monochromator System 6.2.1. Materials 6.2.2 Procedure 6.3 Illuminating a Spectrometer 6.4 Entrance Optics Examples 6.4.1 Aperture Matching a Small Source 6.4.2 Aperture Matching an Extended Source 6.4.3 Demagnifying a Source 6.5 Use of Field Lenses 6.6 Pinhole Camera Effect 6.7 Spatial Filters References

Back to top | Home Page | Products | Contact Us | News & Events | Request Info. www.jyhoriba.co.uk Copyright © 2002 Jobin Yvon All rights reserved